TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study ....................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem ............................................ 3 1.3 General Objectives ................................................................ 4 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................ 4 1.5 Formulation of Hypotheses ....................................................... 4 1.6 Scope of the Study ................................................................ 4 1.7 Significance of the Study .......................................................... 4 1.8 Operationalization ................................................................ 5 1.9 Definition of Key Terms ........................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Conceptual Review ................................................................ 7 2.2 Theory Related to the Study ....................................................... 14 2.3 Empirical Review ................................................................ 16 2.4 Empirical Gap .................................................................... 18 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design .................................................................. 19 3.2 Measurement of Variable .......................................................... 19 3.3 Sampling Techniques ................................................................ 20 3.3.1 Sample Size ...................................................................... 20 3.4 Validity and Reliability ........................................................... 21 3.4.1 Validity ......................................................................... 21 3.4.2 Reliability ........................................................................ 21 3.5 Data Collection .................................................................... 22 3.6 Data Processing and Analysis ....................................................... 22 3.7 Ethical Issues ..................................................................... 33 ? CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND FINDINGS 4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis ................................................... 24 4.2 Demographic Profile of the Respondents ........................................... 24 4.3 Data Interpretation .............................................................. 31 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary of Findings ..............................................................33 5.2 Conclusion ....................................................................... 34 5.3 Recommendations .................................................................. 35 5.4 Area for Further Study ........................................................... 35 REFERENCES .......................................................................... 36 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Now-a-days e-commerce is growing popular in an emerging economy. E-commerce began in1995. It requires the digital goods for caring out their transactions. Digital goods are goods that can be delivered over a digital network (Waithaka & Kimani, 2021). E-commerce is rapidly transforming the way in which enterprises are interacting among each other as well as with consumers and Governments. As a result of changes in the landscape of ICTs, e-commerce is now growing rapidly in several emerging markets and developing economies (UNCTAD/IER/2015). The technologies designed to improve commercial transactions using the Internet have evolved as quickly (Subramaniam & Shaw, 2002). However, we have not yet achieved an ideal world of painless and secure transactions utilizing the Internet, as unresolved privacy issues of the purchaser have impeded the further development of the technologies (Albinkalil, 2021). E-commerce has been hailed by many as an opportunity for developing countries to gain a stronger foothold in the multilateral trading system. E-commerce has the ability to play an instrumental role in helping developing economics benefit more from trade (WTO-2013). The growing use of the Internet, tablet devices, and smart phones coupled with larger consumer confidence will see that ecommerce will continue to evolve and expand. With social media growing exponentially in recent years, the conversation between businesses and consumers has become more engaging, making it easier for transactional exchanges to happen online. Internet retailers continue to strive to create better content and a realistic shopping experience with technologies like augmented reality. With mobile commerce gaining speed, more users are purchasing from the palm of their hand (Miva-2011). E-commerce could deliver a significant benefit to businesses in developing countries by increasing their control over its place in the supply chain, thus improving its market efficiency (Molla & Heeks, 2007; Shahin, Balouei & Shahin, 2022). According to Ahmadu (2012), said that the economies based on communication and information technology would contribute considerably to facilitate the inflow of financial investments. Implementing on the web deal systems would offer developing countries with the chance to display their organic and ocean reference endowments to worldwide marketplaces through available details portals. E-commerce would help their fast integration into the global economic climate also. The raising speed of advancements and globalization in technology extend the traditional limitations of agreement and business, therefore much to ensure that perform of digital business by means of online transactions is definitely fast getting a globally phenomenon. Based on the research of Benjamin in (1990), said that previously online market was funded proportional with the increase of internet development, furthermore there are five key main drivers of the electronic commerce which are Electronic data interchange (EDI), electronic mail, facsimile (FAX), electronic Transaction processing and Groupware. On the research of (AlNuaimi, Khan & Ajmal, 2021) said that E-commerce is the way of doing business electronically in order to satisfy the organization needs or personal objectives. According to Barngetuny & Kimutai (2015) said that sometimes e-commerce referred as the online business is just creating visibility of your products and service within the internet and executing purchasing though internet. Every day the volume and success of e-commerce in the web reported to increase, the environment of e-commerce grows with high speed in which making information available worldwide. Emerging of e-commerce has been made proper environment of reducing procurement process. Based on the research of Min and Galle (2003), said that the common availability of the web and the availability of multiple browsers across different platforms provide a common ground upon which E-commerce applications can be developed and be built, especially in the enterprise. This platform has reduced the significance of issues pertaining to software availability (distribution and installation),thus encouraging the expansion of e-commerce via internet. According to Clarke (2001) E-commerce is increasing because of the greater number of businesses and individuals who are capable of using these networks and the growing number of ways in which businesses can be purchased or procured within the organization and directly to consumers. At present, business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce seems still to be of greater volume than business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, but this might change in the near future. These trends are important to the global economy and to the economy of individual countries because e-commerce contributes to procurement effectiveness and efficiency. E-commerce contributes to procurement efficiency in major five ways (Croom & Brandon, 2007). 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem Traditional procurement is currently running in all organization and which include long process to complete its sourcing activities an selection strategy because of paper-based procurement make the process inefficient in which documents sent to vendor through fax or couriers which include a long process for approval and further actions which make the business transformation cycle such as creating invoice, delay the payments late and reached the product to final consumer after the lead time because in traditional procurement things done manually that’s why e-procurement comes up with the solution brings all the process in Online and reduce the risk of Potential frauds, cost, quality, delivery risk and market risk and this study also explore how e- procurement bring positive change in how e-invoice, e-tendering-e-CRM and e-payment will reduce cost, time and increase market efficiency (Eugenie & De-Dieu, 2022). Nigeria being one of the few nations in the world blessed with abundant mineral resources, an entrepreneurial population and a productive agricultural base. By virtue of size, population location is well positioned to be the hub of economic activities in Africa. E-commerce is an opportunity for businesses to explore the great benefits that the internet has brought in the form of new business models. This study emphasizes the importance of these new business models and also tries to find ways in which business models can be changed. 1.3. General Objectives: i. The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of e-commerce on global procurement practices in Nigeria. The specific objectives include ii. To examine the influence of e-commerce on procurement process in Dangote ltd. iii. To determine the importance of e-commerce on e-tendering on supply chain management process iv. To determine the influence of e-commerce in the procurement process. 1.4. Research Questions i. What are the influences of e-commerce on the procurement process in Dangote ltd? ii. To what extent does e-commerce important on e-tendering and supply chain management process? iii. What are the influence of e-commerce on procurement process? 1.5. Formulation of Hypotheses H01: E-commerce does not have significant influence on procurement process H02: E-commerce does not have significance influence on e-tendering and supply chain management process 1.6. Scope of the Study This study is intended to focus on the impact of e-commerce on global procurement with particular reference to Dangote flour mill, Ilorin where the goal is not only to enhance customer satisfaction but also to manage the business effectively. With a view to finding out the level of success recorded in their organization as a result of e-commerce implementation. 1.7: Significance of the study The researcher believes that this research is important to the following group. Government: The study provides support to the government of Tanzania and policy makers in the area of e-business. The study came up with some answers that will lead to an understanding of real circumstances of why many service organizations are likely to migrate its business toward the internet. Therefore, encouraged organizations to take some necessary actions to address importance of implementing e-business for the employees to improve their organizational performance. Academician: The study created a tangible framework for understanding e-commerce. Therefore, the study provided an opportunity to other researchers to use it as reference point to those who was deal under this subject matter. 1.8. Operationalization Y = ? +?1X1 + ?2X2 + ?3X3 + ? ………………. (Equation (i) Where; Y= the dependent variable (Organization performance) Is a constant; the concept explaining the level of success given and it’s the Y value when all the predictor values (X1, X2, X3,) are zero ?1, ?2, ?3, – Are constants regression coefficients representing the condition of the independent variables to the dependent variables. X1 – Online request for quotation X2 – Online Contact Negotiation X3 – Online Order Placement X4 – Online Transaction X5-- Online delivery ? - (Extraneous) Error term explaining the variability of growth as a result of other factors not accounted for. 1.9. Definition of Key Terms The key terms related to this study were explained here to make it easier for readers of this study to fully understand the topic. Procurement is not just purchasing or selling of the product and services but it is the umbrella term including lots of functions in it. (MacManus’s, 2002), recognition of the differences in meaning between ‘procurement’ and ‘purchasing is of relevance here. Quoting the dictionary of purchasing terms, (MacManus’s, 2002), explains procurement as denoting ‘the combined functions of purchasing, inventory control, traffic and transportation, receiving and inspection, store keeping and salvage and disposal operations. Business dictionary (online) defines procurement as “combination of purchase planning, supplier research and selection, price negotiation, supply contract negotiation, inventory control and disposal” besides many other functions. Procurement Process; refers to the purchasing of goods and services, however it does not only comprises out of buying and paying but involves many other activities too, such as need clarifications, purchase order generating and so on. The goal of procurement process is to satisfy the need of the company by acquiring goods and services from preferred suppliers for the most valuable price (Ibem, 2020). E-procurement, now if the function of E-procurement is talked about, as the name shows every process is done electronically which starts with placing the order by utilizing negotiation deals, purchase approval, online payment, invoicing and product distribution and some hi-tech system also provide facility of online ordering tracking. E-business, it refers to any business conducted using electronic media, making some or all its revenue via internet technology. E-commerce refers to the act of buying or selling goods or services over the internet. Business to Business (B2B)- is the trading between firms, characterized by relatively large volumes, competitive and stable prices, fast delivery times and often, on deferred payment basis e.g. whole sale. E-procurement system (EPS) is a web-based client/server application used to replace the manual procurement system. It supports procurement areas such as transaction, procurement management, market making, demand and supply sides and inter-organizational modules. EPS is used to communicate with both the buyer’s and seller’s information systems through the enterprise information systems gateway.
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